20 Amazing Japanese Gardens! |
Japanese Gardens can
be found at private homes, in neighborhoods or city parks, and at
historical landmarks such as Buddhist temples, Shinto shrines and old
castles around the world. In Japanese culture, garden-making is high
art, intimately related to the linked arts of calligraphy and ink
painting. Japanese gardens were first developed under the influences of
the distinctive and stylized Chinese gardens.
The tradition of Japanese gardening
was historically passed down from sensei to apprentice. In recent
decades this has been supplemented by various trade schools. Below you
will find a stunning collection of 20 beautiful Japanese Gardens around
the world.
|
Honbo Garden – Osaka, Japan |
Japanese Garden – Buenos Aires, Argentina |
Ryoan-Ji Zen Garden – Kyoto, Japan |
Japanese Garden – Cowra, Australia |
A catalogue of features “typical” of the Japanese garden
may be drawn up without inquiring deeply into the aesthetic underlying
Japanese practice. Typical Japanese gardens have at their center, a home
from which the garden is viewed. In addition to residential
architecture, depending on the archetype, Japanese gardens often contain
several of these elements:
- Water, real or symbolic
- A bridge over the water, or stepping stones
- Rocks or stone arrangements (or settings)
- A lantern, typically of stone
- A teahouse or pavilion
- An enclosure device such as a hedge, fence, or wall of traditional character
|
Ritsurin Garden – Takamatsu, Japan |
Monte Palace Tropical Garden (Stone Lanterns) – Madeira, Portugal |
Daizen-Ji Zen Rock Garden – Kyoto, Japan |
Japanese Tea Garden – San Francisco, United States |
APANESE GARDENS – STONES, WATER, PLANTINGS
Though often thought of as tranquil
sanctuaries that allow individuals to escape from the stresses of daily
life, Japanese gardens are designed for a variety of purposes. Some
gardens invite quiet contemplation, but may have also been intended for
recreation, the display of rare plant specimens, or the exhibition of
unusual rocks.
Kaiyu-shiki or Strolling Gardens
require the observer to walk through the garden to fully appreciate it. A
premeditated path takes observers through each unique area of a
Japanese garden. Uneven surfaces are placed in specific spaces to prompt
people to look down at particular points. When the observer looks up,
they will see an eye-catching ornamentation which is intended to
enlighten and revive the spirit of the observer. This type of design is
known as the Japanese landscape principle of “hide and reveal”.
|
Ginkau-Ji Zen Garden – Kyoto, Japan |
Stones are used to construct the
garden’s paths, bridges, and walkways. Stones can also represent a
geological presence where actual mountains are not viewable or present.
They are sometimes placed in odd numbers and a majority of the groupings
reflect triangular shapes, which often are the mountains of China. |
Korakuen Garden – Okayama, Japan |
Hamilton Gardens – Waikato, New Zealand |
A water source in a
Japanese garden should appear to be part of the natural surroundings;
this is why one will not find fountains in traditional gardens. Man-made
streams are built with curves and irregularities to create a serene and
natural appearance. Lanterns are often placed beside some of the most
prominent water basins (either a pond or a stream) in a garden. In some
gardens one will find a dry pond or stream. Dry ponds and streams have
as much impact as do the ones filled with water. |
Zen Rock Garden – Japan |
Japanese Garden – Netherlands |
Zen Garden – Portland, United States |
Green plants are another element of
Japanese gardens. Japanese traditions prefer subtle green tones, but
flowering trees and shrubs are also used. Many plants in imitated
Japanese gardens of the West are indigenous to Japan, though some
sacrifices must be made to account for the differentiating climates.
Some plants, such as sugar maple and firebush, give the garden a broader
palette of seasonal color. |
Adachi Museum of Art – Yasugi, Japan |
Suizenji-jojuen Garden – Kumamoto, Japan |
Keiunkan Garden – Nagahama, Japan |
The Japanese rock gardens
(karesansui) or “dry landscape” gardens, often called “Zen gardens”,
were influenced mainly by Zen Buddhism and can be found at Zen temples
of meditation. Karesansui gardens can be extremely abstract and
represent (miniature) landscapes also called “mind-scapes”. This
Buddhist preferred way to express cosmic beauty in worldly environments
is inextricable from Zen Buddhism. |
Japanese Rock Garden – Koyasan, Japan |
Japanese Gardens – Portland, United States |
Stone arrangements and other
miniature elements are used to represent mountains and natural water
elements and scenes, islands, rivers and waterfalls. Stone and shaped
shrubs are used interchangeably. In most gardens moss is used as a
ground cover to create “land” covered by forest. Other, mostly stone,
objects are sometimes used symbolically to represent mountains, islands,
boats, or even people. Karesansui gardens are often, but not always,
meant to be viewed from a single vantage point from a seated position. |
Como Park Conservatory – Minnesota, United States |
lundi 3 mars 2014
20 Amazing Japanese Gardens!
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