Totally busted! In 2008, nearly two pounds of still-green plant material
were found in a 2,700-year-old grave from China's Gobi Desert, in what
was identified as the world's oldest marijuana stash.
A barrage
of tests proves the marijuana possessed potent psychoactive properties
and casts doubt on the theory that the ancients only grew the plant for
hemp in order to make clothing, rope and other objects. They apparently
were getting high too. Lead author Ethan Russo told Discovery News that
the marijuana "is quite similar" to what's grown today.
Oldest Chewing Gum (5,000 years old)
In 2007, a 5,000-year-old piece of chewing gum, the oldest ever
discovered, was found by a British archaeology student in Finland. The
Neolithic gum, made from birch bark tar, had tooth prints in it.
"Birch
bark tar contains phenols, which are antiseptic compounds. It is
generally believed that Neolithic people found that by chewing this
stuff if they had gum infections it helped to treat the condition," said
Trevor Brown, from the University of Derby.
Oldest Leather Shoe (5,500 years old)
"It is astonishing how much this shoe resembles a modern shoe!" said a
famous designer. Stuffed with grass, perhaps as an insulator or an early
shoe tree, the 5,500-year-old moccasin-like shoe was found
exceptionally well preserved—thanks to a surfeit of sheep dung—during a
2010 dig in an Armenian cave.
About as big as a current women's
size seven (U.S.), the shoe was likely tailor-made for the right foot of
its owner. Radiocarbon dated to about 3500 B.C., during Armenia's
Copper Age, the prehistoric shoe is compressed in the heel and toe area,
likely due to miles upon miles of walking. But the shoe is by no means
worn out.
Oldest Musical Instrument (42,000 years old)
In 2012, researchers identified what they say are the oldest-known
musical instruments in the world: a couple flutes made from bird bone
and mammoth ivory, come from a cave in Hohle Fels Cave (Germany) which
contains early evidence for the occupation of Europe by modern humans -
Homo sapiens. Scientists used
carbon dating to show that the flutes were between 42,000 and 43,000 years old.
Oldest Artificial Eye (4,800 years old)
According to a 2006 report, iranian archaeologists in "Burnt City"
announced the unprecedented discovery of an artificial eyeball, dated to
4800 years ago, in this historic site. The eyeball belonged to a sturdy
woman who was between 25 to 30 years of age at the time of death, and
its material consisted in natural tar mixed with animal fat has been
used in making it. Studies on the eyeball also suggest formation of an
abscess in the eyelid due to long-term contact with the eyeball.
Moreover, remaining eyelid tissues are still evident on this artificial
eyeball.
Oldest Skirt (5,900 years old)
In Armenia's Areni-1 cave, the same place where the world's oldest
leather shoes were found, a skirt made of reeds and has been dated at
5,900 years old were also found. It is now thought to be the oldest
piece of reed clothing discovered to date.
The cave has been
under investigation by a team of Irish, American and Armenian
researchers since 2007. It has yielded numerous fascinating discoveries
over the years, including the mummified remains of a goat that may be
5,900 years old, more than 1,000 years older than many of the famous
mummified animals found in Egypt.
Oldest Popcorn (6,700 years old)
In 2012, researchers have found evidence that societies living along the
coast of Peru were eating the air-filled snack about 1,000 years
earlier than previously estimated — even predating the use of ceramic
pottery.
Corn husks, stalks, cobs and tassels (pollen-producing
flowers on corn) dating from 6,700 to 3,000 years ago were unearthed at
Paredones and Huaca Prieta, two sites on Peru's northern coast, by
American and Peruvian researchers. The characteristics of the corncobs
suggest that the sites' ancient inhabitants prepared and ate corn in
several ways, including making corn flour and popcorn.
Oldest Purse (4,500 years old)
"It seems to have been very fashionable at the time," said the
archaeologist who uncovered more than a hundred dog teeth arranged close
together in a grave in Germany, dated to between 2,500 and 2,200 B.C.
According to archaeologists, the teeth were likely decorations for the
outer flap of a handbag, the oldest ever found. "Over the years the
leather or fabric disappeared, and all that's left is the teeth. They're
all pointing in the same direction, so it looks a lot like a modern
handbag flap," they said.
Oldest Mattress (77,000 years old)
In 2011, archaeologists found, in a cave in South Africa, what they
believe is the world's oldest mattress. The mattress, which consists of
layers of reeds and rushes, was discovered at the bottom of a pile of
bedding made from compacted grasses and leafy plants. The bedding had
accumulated at the Sibudu Cave site in KwaZulu-Natal (map) over a period
of 39,000 years, with the oldest mats dating to 77,000 years ago.
Oldest Mask (9,000 years old)
This stone mask from the pre-ceramic neolithic period dates to 7000 BC
and is probably the oldest mask in the world. It can be seen at the
Musée Bible et Terre Sainte, in Paris.
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